Neuroimmune interaction underlies both neurodevelopmental and immune-primed phenotypes - Jun Huh

Introduction:

Cytokines based on genetic or enviornmental backgrounds can have ameliorating effects on behavior (e.g., fever reduces symptoms in ASD)
what has driven rapid increase in immune disorders (e.g., crohn’s diease, MS, asthma, type 1 diabetes) - are there non-genetic (environmental factors) contributing to these immune disorders?
increasing prevelence of neurodevelopmental disorders as well (e.g., ASD). this rapid increase can’t explained by genetic mutation alone.
What are the environmental factors - gut bacteria, immune cells, neurons?

fetus is a foreign body to the maternal immune system
maternal immune system must protect both the mother and fetus
when this doesn’t work properly, there will be longlasting effects on the fetus
infecton during the late 1st trimester or 2nd trimester of pregnancy has been correlated wtih an increased frequency of neurodevelopmental disorders in children
viral infection - inflammatory conditions - data on covid-19 during pregnancy: severity of maternal illness - might be increase in ASD in the future based on COVID infection
we need to study more what is happening during pregnancy and long lasting effects: not enough people studying this question
overlap between ASD children and IBD - common venn diagram of immune responses

MIA offspring show increased susceptibility to bacteria-induced colitis
increased immune susceptibility of MIA offspring are postnatally determined
maternal gut bacteria: non-genetic contributors? free from bacteria in the womb and then we are exposed to bacteria immediately upon leaving the womb